19 December 2023
Its 7.7-litre straight six makes 286bhp and 738lb ft when running on hydrogen
Move away from diesel will reduce carbon emissions for special-use vehicles, such as verge-mowing test truck
Mercedes-Benz is testing a Unimog equipped with a hydrogen combustion engine, in a bid to eventually offer low-emission trucks with performance on a par with today’s diesels.
The German giant is using a Unimog U430, which packs a 7.7-litre straight six that ordinarily puts out 295bhp and 885lb ft.
These figures dip slightly when running on hydrogen to 286bhp and 738lb ft. However, Mercedes notes that the engine is “noticeably quieter” when running on the gas.
It’s fed by four tanks that hold around 14kg of hydrogen at a pressure of 700bar (10,152psi).
The next step of development is to increase the volume of hydrogen aboard to allow the Unimog to complete a full working day mowing a motorway verge without refilling.
Mercedes hasn’t shared any efficiency figures for the current test vehicle.
Mercedes describes the hydrogen combustion engine as a “complimentary” solution to decarbonisation for “special applications”, alongside battery electrification and the use of hydrogen fuel cells.
The advantage of hydrogen combustion is that it can have a significantly lower environmental impact than using fossil fuels, provided that the hydrogen is sourced by electrolysing water with renewable electricity (which emits no carbon).
Combusting hydrogen with the air – which mostly comprises nitrogen and oxygen – doesn’t produce CO2 emissions. However, it does produce NOx, which is linked to respiratory problems such as asthma.
As such, hydrogen combustion is touted as more of a viable solution for commercial vehicles, which generally work outside cities and towns.
Günter Pitz, head of powertrain development for Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks, said: “The hydrogen combustion drive concept can serve as a blueprint for power-intensive applications in the specialty vehicle sector.
“Hydrogen combustion can make it possible to drive and work with very low emissions on construction sites, in municipal or agricultural sectors.
“To reach series maturity for such vehicles, reliable funding is and will be required.”
Mercedes-Benz Trucks joins several major manfuacturers in investigating hydrogen combustion. Stellantis and Toyota are actively developing the technology and the Renault Group has signalled its interest through the Alpine Alpenglow concept.